Secondary outcomes were other effects on training adaptations (e.g., activity and expression of skeletal muscle enzymes and proteins involved in glycolytic or oxidative metabolism and recovery CK levels), performance, body composition and the effect on parameters associated with disease (fasting glucose and blood lipids, insulin/insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and immune markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and hs-CRP). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Insulin resistance.