Studies using in vivo rat models suggested reactive oxygen species generated by iron could decrease fatty acid oxidation and enhance lipid transportation via suppressed expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and downstream genes (Nrf1, cpt-1α), which promoted hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (53, 54). The gene discussed is NRF1; the disease is familial hypercholesterolemia.