The NIH investigators, led by Douglas Chang, have very recently reported that in a study of 570 Pimas, followed over a period of 8 years, lower insulin clearance (measured by the glucose clamp) was a strong predictor of conversion from prediabetes to Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and this effect of lower insulin clearance was apparently independent of other factors (45). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.