To this end, we performed TCR sequencing on isolated CD8+ TILs and splenic CD27lo CX3CR1−, CD27hi CX3CR1−, and CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells from MC38 tumor-bearing mice treated with combined anti-CTLA-4/PD-L1 therapy (Supplementary Fig. 5a, b). Here, CX3CR1 is linked to neoplasm.