Further profiling of three subsets of CD8+ T cells in CT26 tumor-bearing in Balb/c mice treated with anti-CTLA-4/PD-L1 therapy and MC38 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with anti-PD-L1 monotherapy in spleen revealed that the CX3CR1+ subset was notable for increased expression of granzyme A, 4-1BB, TIM3, and KLRG1 regardless of mouse strain, tumor types, and monotherapy or combination ICI therapy (Fig. 2c and Supplementary Fig. 3), and that CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells represent a subset of recently activated effector cells in agreement with prior studies29–31,33. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and neoplasm.