We demonstrated a large amount of ROS (denoting the severity of mitochondrial damage) and elevated apoptosis following IRI Based on the current knowledge that ERS can crosstalk with ROS-induced mitochondrial damage in an infection model29, XBP1s pathway is associated with mitochondrial function44,45, and N-acetylcysteine abrogates mitochondrial ROS through ERS and thus alleviates myocardial apoptosis46, our findings indicate a potential role of XBP1 in crosstalk of ERS and mitochondrial damage in renal IRI. The gene discussed is XBP1; the disease is infection.