TPI1 and prion disease: We tested the effects of NOS inhibition on RAGE expression and found that treatment with L-NAME ameliorated these increases (Fig. 4E; P = 0.0243, one-way ANOVA; note the lower band represents actin) providing strong evidence for the NO-mediated 3-NT/TPI/DHAP/RAGE signaling cascade in prion disease which signifies a disease-associated neurotoxic pathway.