PDCD1 and neoplasm: In the phase I KEYNOTE-001 study, among patients who had previously treated with anti-PD-1 therapy, patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% had a median overall survival (OS) of 15.4 months (95% CI: 10.6–18.8 months) (Table 1) and the 5-year OS rate was 25.0%; while in the PD-L1 TPS 1%-49% group and PD-L1 TPS ≤ 1% group, the median OS were 8.5 months (95% CI: 6.0–12.6 months) and 8.6 months (95% CI: 5.5–10.6 months), and the 5-year OS rates were 12.6% and 3.5%, respectively [22].