HLA-DRB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Moderate consumption of alcohol was negatively associated with the risk of developing ACPA-positive RA, especially in smokers carrying HLA-DRB1 SE alleles [181], while excessive sodium chloride consumption among cigarette-smokers increases by more than two the risk of developing HLA-DRB1 SE-positive RA, suggesting a significant additive effect between smoking, diet and genetic risk factors [182].