TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Obesity is a chronic disease [1] characterized by low-grade systemic and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation (e.g., resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6), metabolic disorders (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia), and a dysbiotic and dysfunctional intestinal microenvironment [2], which collectively drive comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer [3,4].