Beyond Ca2+ transients, cannabinoid ligand interaction with the GPR55 receptor promotes ERK phosphorylation, as well as the varied activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription factors, the latter two of which are involved in inflammation of endothelial cells and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [98,99,100,101]. This evidence concerns the gene CREB1 and irritable bowel syndrome.