MDA5 activation is triggered by RNA elements from certain viruses, like measles, polio and encephalomyocarditis viruses [43,44,45], while RIG-I is the PRR that activates the IFNB pathway during infection by a distinct subset of negative sense RNA viruses, including IAV, SeV and RVFV [19,20,42,46]. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and infection.