KRAS and cancer: Efforts are currently underway to (i) further expand the 139A-TTD vaccine into a multivalent tandem vaccine that covers other highly prevalent KRAS mutational variants, such as G12C, G12D, G12V, and G13D, (ii) evaluate the anti-cancer efficacy of the 139A-TTD vaccine in combination with checkpoint inhibitors, and (iii) utilize alternative lactococcal food grade vectors without an antibiotic resistance gene.