Additionally, the S. Typhi ΔtviA and tviA-REP mutant strains induced higher levels of caspase-1, IL-1β, and gasdermin D cleavage as assessed by Western blot compared to the WT S. Typhi strain, indicating greater inflammasome activation upon infection with these mutants (Figs 7I and S6). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.