Indeed, disproportionate LA myopathy was independently associated with reduced SV, even after adjustment for sensitive measures of LV function (LV GLS), LA dilation, biomarkers of HF severity (NT-proBNP), and AF, suggesting that LA myopathy is a distinct entity and not simply a marker of either more advanced HFpEF or the presence of AF. Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.