In contrast, αFc-NP integrating IgG control (αFc-NPIgG) exhibited weak interaction with both tumor cells and CD8+ T cells, indicating that the association of imNAαPD1 & αPDL1 with cells was dependent on specific antibody-antigen recognition (Fig. 3b, d, and Supplementary Figs. 8 and 9), and these results confirmed that the well-known co-inhibitory molecules PD1 and PDL1 can also serve as binding sites for imNAαPD1 & αPDL1. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.