CD274 and neoplasm: We further select the immune checkpoint inhibitors αPD1 (an anti-PD1 antibody) and αPDL1 (an anti-PDL1 antibody) as model mAbs and show that imNAαPD1 & αPDL1 could effectively promote T cell/tumor cell interactions and strikingly augment T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in vitro and in vivo, in compared with the combination of soluble or nanoparticle-immobilized αPD1 and αPDL1.