APOE and depressive symptom measurement: In a recent study, Burns and colleagues examined associations between APOE e4 status and depression over 12-year follow-up, both in terms of symptom scores and depression risk (identified by Brief Patient Health Questionnaire and Goldberg Depression Scale cut-offs) (Goldberg, Bridges, Duncan-Jones, & Grayson, 1988; Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001), among participants of the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life study (Burns et al., 2020).