Our results showed that central insulin action is able to control airway reactivity, and in obesity central hyperinsulinemia induces an increased airway hyper-reactivity by stimulating airway-related pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers at the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and nucleus ambiguus (NA). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.