INS and diabetes mellitus: Compared to patients with prior CVD, those with diabetes only not taking insulin had a lower risk for CVD events (HR: 0.84; 95% CI 0.82, 0.87), while patients with diabetes only taking insulin had a higher risk for CVD events (HR: 1.20; 95% CI 1.15, 1.25) (Additional file 1: Table S7).