As shown in Fig. 3., the results indicated that SSMD could regulate macrophage differentiation, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, T-helper 1 (Th1) immune response, etc. Macrophages are derived from medullary monocytes or from resident cells in vitelline sac or fetal liver, which represent important components of the innate immune system and act as phagocytes to engulf foreign substances and play an important role in autoimmune diseases. Here, TLR4 is linked to autoimmune disease.