AIF1 and brain disorder: VM‐glial cultures of GFAP+ astrocytes (60–70% of total cells) and Iba1+ microglia (5–15%, cf > 19.7 ± 1.7% counted in mouse adult midbrain) were used throughout this study unless otherwise noted because astroglia and microglia interact closely to prevent or exacerbate disease pathogenesis (Jha et al, 2019), and thus, the consequences of their interactions in mixed glia, not the isolated individual actions of astrocytes and microglia, are the target in developing therapeutic interventions for brain disease.