Recently, Spinraza (a novel antisense oligonucleotide therapy) is approved by FDA to treat spinal muscular atrophy resulted from pseudogene SMN2, in which the antisense oligonucleotide is used to increase SMN2 exon 7 inclusion, thus increasing levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein (Chiriboga, 2017; Paton, 2017; Berciano et al., 2020). Here, SMN2 is linked to proximal spinal muscular atrophy.