VEGFA and lupus nephritis: - VEGF is significantly associated with SLEDAI score (99). - Higher level of VEGF expression is significantly associated with SLE patients with LN (108). - Increasing serum level of VEGF is observed in SLE patients with LN (109). - Significant higher level of VEGF is observed in active nephritis than quiescent nephritis (109). - Mild to moderate expression of VEGF is observed in paediatric cases of SLE with lupus nephritis (110).