Qu et al. (2016) identify lncARSR as a mediator of sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-34 and miR-449, thereby increasing the expression of their targets AXL and c-MET. Exosomes from glioblastoma cancer cells harboring a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z1-MET fusion conferred temozolomide resistance on parental cells (Zeng et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PTPRZ1 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.