Senescent cells still show metabolic activity, but many cytokines associated with senescence in MDS-MSCs, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), HGF, Jagged1, angiopoietin-1, osteopontin, CXCL-12, IL-6, TGF-β, SCF, and VEGF, are expressed abnormally. Here, TGFB1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.