Several mouse models have been developed to mimic human MDS, of which the mouse NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) transgenic model, wherein MSCs and osteoblast dysfunction play an important role in MDS progression, may be the most accurate (Lin et al., 2005; Balderman et al., 2016). The gene discussed is NUP98; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.