TNF and autoimmune disease: TNFSF superfamily is involved in the simulation of several immune cells (including T and B lymphocytes) and therefore considered a hallmark of autoimmune diseases (Croft et al., 2012), among which TNF-α is enriched in the synovial fluid of RA patients that exerts pro-inflammatory effects and regarded as a therapeutic target of RA (Radner and Aletaha, 2015).