In patients with GO, the mucosa was also characterized by significantly increased Th17 cells (CD3+CD8-IL-17A+) (1.91 ± 0.99% vs. 0.84 ± 0.63%, P<0.001) (Figure 2C) and decreased Treg cells (CD3+CD8-FOXP3+) (1.38 ± 1.39% vs. 3.04 ± 1.62%, P<0.001) (Figure 3A), which suggested a similar Th-driven inflammation to orbital connective tissue. Here, IL17A is linked to geroderma osteodysplastica.