Mean gradient across the aortic valve (14 ± 5 vs 10 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.026) and LVMP (7 ± 2 vs 5 ± 2, p = 0.001) were higher in patients without restored CircE, however, there was no significant difference in post-operative LVP, NT-pro-BNP, cardiac function, NYHA status or markers for hypertrophy between patients with and without restored CircE. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.