Nine of these genes were identified in the pathway analysis of all three CD8+ T-cell datasets: BST2, IFI6, ISG15, MX1, RSAD2, SP100, STAT1, UBE2L6 and HERC5 (Supplementary Fig. 9e), suggesting that these SLE-associated IFN genes could also be associated with atherogenesis. Here, UBE2L6 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.