CCL2 and endothelial dysfunction: There are several well-known circulating biomarkers related to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) [14], soluble form of P-selectin (sP-selectin) [15], soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) [16], and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [17].