BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: Previously, ddPCR assay was developed for screening gene deletions and duplications in human genes such as Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) which plays a significant role in carcinogenesis of breast and ovarian cancer [20], Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) which may be determinants of breast cancer prognostic marker [28], and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which varies during aging and disease progression [29].