The increase in gene expression was found to start exactly at the position of the IS and continue throughout the ZFAT gene suggesting that this IS increases expression of ZFAT. In another PCA grouping, all three koalas (Bonnie, Butler and Donovan) developed tumours in the head and neck and shared a single exonic IS in the 3′ UTR of LSAMP, a gene that is a candidate tumour suppressor in human osteosarcomas48. The gene discussed is LSAMP; the disease is neoplasm.