CXCR4 and neoplasm: After examining the clinicopathological significance of CXCR4, β-catenin, and PPARδ, the results showed that these three proteins are all associated with regional lymph node involvement (p = 0.04, p = 0.002, and p = 0.000, respectively) and tumour lymph node metastasis (TNM) staging (p = 0.023, p = 0.022, and p = 0.001, respectively; Fig. 7d).