The enzymes generate leukotrienes (LTs) which were first described in 1979 by Bengt I. Samuelsson who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982.14 Arachidonate 5-LOX (or ALOX5) and LT receptor antagonists have been developed for the treatment of asthma and seasonal allergies.15,16 These two eicosanoid pathways (COX and LOX) are becoming increasingly important therapeutic targets as novel receptors and metabolites are identified and their roles in many diseases are better defined. The gene discussed is ALOX5; the disease is asthma.