The effect was also associated with mitochondria, where CYP3A4 promoted the activity of the electron transport chain and increased oxidative phosphorylation.396 CYP3A4 knockdown or inhibition by biguanides activated AMPKα, promoted autophagy, and prevented mammary tumor formation.397 These results indicate that AA metabolizing CYP epoxygenases and EETs also are associated with mitochondrial function and oxidative stress of cancer cells, which may be another potential mechanism of their anti-apoptosic actions. The gene discussed is CYP3A4; the disease is breast cancer.