BRAF and melanoma: Furthermore, significant coexistence of TERT-p and BRAF mutations, and their associations with adverse clinicopathological factors have been reported in some tumors, including papillary thyroid carcinoma and melanoma, suggesting that these coexisting mutations reflect a unique mechanism to upregulate the expression of TERT, cooperatively contributing to the aggressiveness of these tumors (Macerola et al. 2015; Xing et al. 2014).