In terms of diagnostic and prognostic prediction model, Xu et al. successfully constructed a diagnostic prediction model using a 10-methylation marker panel (BMPR1A, PSD, ARHGAP25, KLF3, PLAC8, ATXN1, Chr 6:170, Chr 6:3, ATAD2 and Chr 8:20) and a prognostic prediction model with an 8-methylation marker panel (SH3PXD2A, C11orf9, PPFIA1, Chr 17:78, SERPINB5, NOTCH3, GRHL2 and TMEM8B) after screening for circulating tumor DNA methylation markers in HCC [64]. The gene discussed is PPFIA1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.