In addition, transcriptome sequencing of ETS-fusion-negative prostate cancer revealed genetic rearrangements involving RAF-kinase family members, namely SLC45A3-BRAF and ESRP1-RAF1, recurrent in about 2% of advanced PCa cases, the former one being AR-regulated (Palanisamy et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene ESRP1 and Familial prostate cancer.