TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: The activation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling via extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated by Yamada et al., who showed that extracellular vesicles derived from CRC cells were enriched in TGF-β1 and conferred phenotypic alterations in T cells via TGF-β/SMAD activation (Yamada et al., 2016).