TGFB1 and neoplasm: Signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta/small mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF-β/SMAD), Notch/nuclear factor-κB, and Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β are involved in tumor EMT (Zhou and Hung, 2005; Fender et al., 2015; Ouanouki et al., 2017).