TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Numerous pathways, such as TGF-β1/Smads, PDGF, Wnt/β-catenin, and mTOR signalings, have been implicated in renal fibrosis (Lieberthal and Levine, 2009; Liu, 2011; Fantus et al., 2016; Nogueira et al., 2017).