S100β belongs to a family of cytokines that are strongly associated with activity underlying AD related pathologies such as APP processing, protein inclusion formation, and Tau post-translational modifications.S100β is also linked to DS.S100β levels are increased in neuronal progenitor cells of DS patients37 and in human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from DS patients38. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.