Finally, membrane perturbation caused by PLA2s induces a rapid influx of extracellular calcium which provokes hyper-contraction of myofilaments, mitochondrial calcium uptake (with mitochondrial damage due to calcium overload), and the activation of calcium-dependent intracellular proteinases (calpains) and even endogenous PLA2s themselves; defects that lead to myonecrosis (41). Here, PLA2G2A is linked to gas gangrene.