S100B and Stroke: Space-occupying brain oedema (also called malignant oedema), an early life-threatening problem in patients with large hemispheric stroke, has been shown to be predicted by an elevated plasma S100B level (>0.35 g/l) with a 75% sensitivity and a 80% specificity at 12 h after stroke and even more at 24 h (94 and 83% sensitivity and specificity, respectively) (39).