Although, cytotoxic T cells were the subpopulation of TAICs observed closest to tumor cells in our MPM cohort, other TAICs like antigen experienced T cells (CD3 + PD-L1 +, CD3 + PD-1 +), regulatory T cells (CD3 + Foxp3 + CD8−), cytotoxic T cells antigen experienced (CD3 + CD8 + PD-1 +) and macrophages (CD68 +) expressing PD-L1 were also observed in close proximity from the malignant cells. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.