The addition of neutralizing antibodies against IL10 could significantly improve the proliferation and activation of stimulated cytotoxic T cells co-cultured with MDSCs treated by conditioned medium from PIWIL1-overexpressing HCC cells (Supplementary Fig. S5f, g), as well as stimulated cytotoxic T cells co-cultured with sorted MDSCs from PIWIL1-overexpressing HCC (Fig. 5c, d). The gene discussed is PIWIL1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.