This effect of etomoxir was reproducibly observed in mice with orthotopically implanted HCC tumors overexpressing PIWIL1, in which the weekly growth rate of both wild type and PIWIL1-overexpressing tumors was reduced, while PIWIL1-overexpressing HCC tumor showed a greater decrease in growth than its wild type counterpart (Fig. 3c). Here, PIWIL1 is linked to neoplasm.