PRSS23 and lung carcinoma: Of note, several CpGs annotated to smoking-associated genes were identified as predictive of solid cancers in both the SHS and the FHS (AHRR and F2RL3) or only in the SHS (PRSS23 and GFI1). These genes were individually associated with lung cancer in the SHS and might be predictive of other specific solid smoking-related cancers as well.