The European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC; ISRCTN49127736) found that four-yearly screening for prostate cancer, using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, for ages 55–69 years increased incidence by 41% and reduced mortality by 20% over 16 years [3]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.