KLK3 and cancer: Compared with men who had PSA between 3 and 10 ng/mL, the S3M test with a reflex threshold of 1 ng/mL had a relative positive fraction of 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46–0.65) for no cancer, with a relative positive fraction of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74–0.93) for Gleason score 6 cancers, while maintaining the sensitivity for Gleason score 7 cancers (that is, a relative positive fraction of 1).