These included features previously associated with functional phenotypes, e.g. CIDRα1, which binds to endothelial protein C receptor in severe malaria [21], DBLβ which binds ICAM1 in severe malaria [17,59,60], domain cassettes 8 and 5, which were expressed in severe malaria in Africa [18], and domain cassette 9, which was expressed in severe malaria in Papua [14]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to malaria.