PTEN and lung carcinoma: Based on these NGS data, several important genes related to lung cancer have been identified, for exampletumor protein P53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS), neurofibromin 1 (NF1), ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) [8–13].