GFAP and ischemia: This was evidenced by the fact that delayed administration of Nec-1 starting from 24 h post-ischemia for consecutive 7 days or 14 d could decrease the GFAP level and attenuate the thickness of glial scar in the peri-infarct region, respectively, indicating that RIPK inhibition plays a crucial role in reducing the astrogliosis and glial scar formation, at least, partially independent of its neuroprotective effect in the acute stage of ischemic injury.