In order to exclude the possibility that the reduced GFAP, neurocan, and phosphacan expressions are not simply due to the reduced brain injury in the acute stage of ischemic stroke with RIPK inhibition, we next observed the effects of the delayed administration of Nec-1, a specific inhibitor of RIP1K, on the ischemic stroke-induced formation of astrogliosis and glial scar in vivo and in vitro. The gene discussed is PCSK1; the disease is ischemic stroke.