Lots of components should be evaluated separately, such as various cells types (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, etc.), extracellular components (cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, etc.), and some key molecules expressed on/in immune/tumor cells (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, etc.)(15, 16). Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.