APC and malignant colon neoplasm: While other evidence implicated TGF-β as a key pathway in the metastatic progression of colon cancer (86), by means of using APC mutant mice, results revealed that inhibiting TGF-β will lead to lethal inflammatory disease and invasive colon cancer, which implies that the application of the TGF-β inhibitor for FAP or CRC therapy is worth further investigation (87) (Figure 3).