Furthermore, it has been extensively shown that TIMP-1 could cause adverse cancer hallmarks via other crucial signals, such as the mediation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and proliferative signals (Miller et al., 2016), the regulation of NOTCH and WNT (Jackson et al., 2017), and participation in transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β)-regulated crosstalk (Park et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TIMP1 and cancer.